Total knee replacement surgery, also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at addressing severe knee arthritis or damage by replacing the entire knee joint with artificial components. This comprehensive approach involves resurfacing both the femoral and tibial components of the knee joint, as well as sometimes replacing the patella, to restore function and alleviate pain.
Total knee replacement surgery is recommended for individuals experiencing debilitating pain, stiffness, and functional limitations due to advanced knee arthritis or significant joint damage. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and other degenerative conditions can severely compromise knee joint function, impacting mobility and quality of life. When conservative treatments such as medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications fail to provide sufficient relief, total knee replacement surgery becomes a viable option to alleviate pain, restore mobility, and improve overall joint function.
Total knee replacement surgery is considered necessary when conservative treatments have been exhausted, and the patient's quality of life is significantly impaired by knee pain and dysfunction. While it is not always the first-line treatment, for many individuals, the relief provided by total knee replacement surgery outweighs the risks and potential complications associated with the procedure. The decision to undergo surgery is made collaboratively between the patient and their healthcare team, considering factors such as the severity of symptoms, overall health, and individual preferences.
Total knee replacement surgery involves several key steps to replace the damaged knee joint with artificial components. Surgeons make an incision over the knee joint, remove damaged cartilage and bone, and prepare the femoral and tibial surfaces for implantation. Metal implants are then secured to the ends of the femur and tibia, with a plastic spacer inserted between them to facilitate smooth movement. In some cases, the patella may also be resurfaced with a plastic component. Advanced techniques, including computer-assisted navigation and minimally invasive approaches, may be utilized to enhance precision and optimize outcomes.
After total knee replacement surgery, patients undergo a period of recovery and rehabilitation to regain strength, mobility, and function in the affected knee. Physical therapy is typically initiated soon after surgery to improve range of motion, strengthen muscles, and enhance joint stability. Pain management strategies, including medication and icing, are utilized to alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Patients are instructed on proper wound care, activity modifications, and the use of assistive devices to aid in the recovery process. While recovery timelines vary, most individuals experience significant improvement in pain and function within weeks to months following total knee replacement surgery, allowing them to resume their normal activities and enjoy an improved quality of life